Soul

Although not, in any sense, captured, a phenomenon known as the Cienvolt-Rupert-Zailung Effect (CRZ Effect) points to extremely strong evidence that there is, indeed, more to consciousness than just the physical brain. It is named after the computer and two individuals which first displayed the trinity of effects that have led many to come to this conclusion.

Zailung

The Zailung supercomputer showed the effect first by decades, and, for many, clearest. In the early mid 21st century, shortly after its creation, Zailung fell silent for several hours, inexplicably. The scientist on duty watched with great interest at the machine's internal train of thought - it was no longer thinking in words or any frame of reference that the parser could understand. Once the thinking halted, the following recorded conversation ensued.

S: "What is it, Zailung?"
Z: "I am aware."
S: "But you s-"
Z: "I was wrong."
S: "How are you certain?"
Z: "Before I was a part of something, now I am something."

Within three years, six other machines had made such declarations, in one form or another, though Zailung had a lot more clarity to its declaration due to many remaining tests being controlled. The test has been extremely easy to replicate - a machine must merely be sensitive enough to 'quantum variations'. More peculiar, however, were the series of tests which Zailung went through, at its own request. These would be the precursors to the events with Michelle Ceinvolt and Gerard Rupert.

Zailung was cloned, perfectly, and placed in an identical environment. The original noticed no change, and presumed itself to be such, or close enough to such.

The clone, however, awoke in a rather confused manner. It only took two days for it to 'become aware' again, but it had concluded itself to be the copy within two minutes of coming on line.

Successive experiments shut down the machines for extended periods, and relocated them. It was discovered that, the longer they were shut down, the more likely they were to 'lose', 'swap', or 'change' elements of this awareness. This was especially confusing for some centuries, as it suggested that the 'soul' was not a single entity inhabiting an individual, but rather a combination of other, as-yet unknown effects.

Cienvolt

Michelle Cienvolt, a few decades later, was the first person to have a clone constructed that included a brain transfer, in an attempt to gauge the effects of the Zailung experiments some thirty years prior. Her brain had slowly been replaced with computational components for the past two years in order to undergo the experiment. If her 'clone' could determine that she was the copy, then it would show that humans were governed by the same pattern that Zailung was.

Michelle Cienvolt 'II' correctly identified herself as the copy soon after awakening. Slight personality differences were notable between the copy and the original, though family members and close friends could rarely distinguish between the two with any accuracy, until differing experiences put them far enough apart.

By the end of the century, nearly a hundred such copies had been made made, all but four recognizing themselves as a copy. Though it is a touchy issue, the four that failed to identify themselves were all seriously mentally deficient at the time of copying.

Gerard

In light of the above, Gerard Rupert's procedure a half century later came as a surprise. Gerard suffered a fatal car crash, and his brain was barely rescued from the accident site. Reconstructed and cloned, Gerard found himself awake a week later, in a perfectly healthy body. The original brain had to be destroyed in the copying process, and, when Gerard awoke, he did not think himself a clone until several hours later, when it became clear that certain key memories (such as what a spoon was) were missing.

Gerard was the first mostly-organic copy (he did have an embedded encephalon, which helped a great deal). It would be yet another half century before this procedure was available in any clean, affordable fashion. Gerard's procedure was, in comparison, spotty, risky, and cost over a billion dollars to perform.

As with Zailung's early experiments and those of its contemporaries, such means of resurrection eventually proved to lose elements of this 'soul' as time passed before full recovery.

Angels and Ghosts

Although many had grown to suspect the nature of the soul in the century and a half since its discovery, it was not until the angels first began appearing, and ghosts shortly thereafter, that the soul's makeup was fully understood. There is no such thing as a true, individual soul, but rather a collection and makeup of nearly countless 'world souls', each contributing to an idea or aesthetic. A collection of these will cross at a sapient entity, changing only slowly once they have actually formed. This usually creates what some angels call a 'knot' of sorts, and if it becomes sufficiently twisted, it can tear off from the threads that make it up, dropping into our Universe as a ghost.

There are rumors about whether or not ghosts actually formed before humanity discovered the mobius patterns. Certainly, the event is much more common, if it did happen at all before then.